Business Practices Omega Consolidated Industries ( Oci )

Organizations are constantly seeking ways to enhance its operations by developing its business practices on a global scale, which often requires building additional facilities to effectively serve its customers. Omega Consolidated Industries (OCI) is a worldwide corporation who has plans of constructing a new manufacturing facility in China. Faced with a construction completion timeframe of two years - from start to finish - the OCI president formed a well-rounded team to head the project. The newly formed project team was comprised of a Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Vice President of Engineering (VPE), Procurement Manager (PCM), and the Plant Manager (PLM) who will oversee the new facility. The team members from various departments, with various skillsets, would help define the project’s requirements, oversee the construction, and monitor the progress to ensure requirements were being addressed. Inclusive to the project team’s duties was the task of developing a reque st for proposal (RFP) to solicit proposals from a number of qualified contractors to build the manufacturing facility. This paper seeks to address OCI’s approach to implementing a plan to ensure the new manufacturing facility was constructed based on the organization’s requirements and specifications, within budget, and on schedule. The discussion will review the OCI project team’s approach to soliciting the support required to complete the project, the vendor selection process, and potential alternative

William Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream - 830 Words

William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream weaves stories of social ranks in the commedia dell’arte and some of its easily recognized stock characters. Shakespeare uses commedia dell’arte characters in A Midsummer Night’s Dream to capture our imagination and amuse us. Commedia dell’arte includes three classes of characters in its performances. These characters are the vecchi, innamorati, and the zanni (McCarter.org). The vecchi are usually the nobility or masters. The vecchi in A Midsummer Night’s Dream are represented by the Athenian upper class: Duke Theseus, Hippolyta, and Egeus. In the play, the innamorati are portrayed by Hermia, Lysander, Demetrius, and Helena. Innamorati are primarily in love with themselves and being in love with their beloved. The zanni in Shakespeare’s play consist of the fairies and the mechanicals: Bottom, Quince, Flute, Straveling, Snout, and Snug. The mechanicals provide common humor in the play, such as comic vision of Bottom’s head turned into the head of an ass, to the mechanicals’ performing for the vecchi at the beginning of Act V, which is laughable because their performance is so atrocious. Bottom is a hilarious example of an actor that believes he is talented. Nick Bottom is a notable character that evokes laughter and he personifies Il Dottore of commedia dell’ arte (Shane-arts.com). Bottom deludes himself and thinks that he is a talented performer, however he is the victim of much of the mischief in the comedy. BottomShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1339 Words   |  6 PagesHonors For A Midsummer Night s Dream By William Shakespeare 1. Title of the book - The title of the book is called A Midsummer Night s Dream by William Shakespeare. 2. Author s name - The author of the book A Midsummer Night s Dream is William Shakespeare. 3. The year the piece was written - A Midsummer Night s Dream by William Shakespeare was believed to have been written between 1590-1596. 4. Major Characters - There are three major characters in the book A Midsummer Night s Dream by WilliamRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1474 Words   |  6 Pagesinstance, one could look at the movies A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Shakespeare in Love. The latter follows the life of William Shakespeare himself, everything from his love affair with Viola de Lesseps to his creation of Romeo and Juliet. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, is one of the most famous plays of Shakespeare’s, revolving around the tumultuous relationships of four lovers, aided, and sometimes thwarted by the mischief of fairies. Although Shakespeare in Love outlines a few of the characteristicsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1548 Words   |  7 Pagesspoken by Helena in Act 1 Scene 1 line 234, explains that it matters not what the eyes see but what the mind thinks it sees. In the play, A Midsummer Night s Dream, written by William Shakespeare, there are several instances where the act of seeing is being portrayed. The definition of vision is the ability to see, something you imagine or something you dream. This proves that even though one has the ability to see; the mind tends to interfere and sometimes presents a different picture. VariousRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream867 Words   |  4 Pagesspecifically how they will benefit that other person, you’re in love.† In A Midsummer Night s Dream, William Shakespeare intertwined each individual characters. Through the concept of true love and presented to the audiences a twisted yet romantic love story. The love stories of Renaissance are richly colorful, so Shakespeare used multiple literary techniques to present to the readers a vivid image of true love. Shakespeare applied metaphor in the lines of Lysander. In Act 1, scene 1, Lysander saysRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream990 Words   |  4 PagesSymbols in William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream Symbols help to play an important part in giving a deeper meaning to a story. William Shakespeare uses a variety of symbols in his play A Midsummer Night’s Dream and by using these symbols he offers some insight onto why certain events take place in the play. Symbols are sometimes hard to decipher but as the reader continues to read the symbol’s meaning might become more clear. Shakespeare uses a variety of symbols in A Midsummer Night’s DreamRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1397 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s comedies, like those of most Renaissance playwrights, involve love and its obstacles. Much of the comedy in A Midsummer Night’s Dream derives from the attempt of Lysander and Hermia to remain together while overcoming the adult authority figure who attempts to hinder the love of a young couple. The overcoming of an obstacle functions as a common motif in Renaissance comedy. The audience must wonder, however, whether Lysander and Hermia, as well as Demetrius and Helena, actually loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1207 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream has been categorized as a comedy play because of all the characters being passionately in love to the point of being foolish. It’s a play all about love, and the characters that are in love are only young adults, so they are still naive when it comes to love. Their naivety and foolishness regarding love is what allows them to be taken advantage of by mischievous fairies when they all run away into the woods. By critiquing the love affairs and numerousRead MoreA Midsummer Night s Dream By William Shakespeare1882 Words   |  8 PagesWritten during the Elizabethan era where gender roles played an important part in society and relationships, A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare portrays the interaction between both sexes, and the women’s respo nse to the expectation of such norms. Although the characters: Hippolyta, Hermia, Helena, and Titania, are portrayed as objects (both sexual and material) contingent upon their male lovers, they are also given empowerment. During the Elizabethan Era, and present throughout MNDRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1277 Words   |  6 Pagestogether. Nor will love ever be a controllable compulsion. Maybe we are fools for going into the perilous, eccentric universe of love; yet what fun would life be without it? William Shakespeare s play A Midsummer Night s Dream investigates the unconventional, unreasonable and unpredictable nature of love during his time. Shakespeare conveys this through the main plot of the play, which is composed of the relationships between three couples. The three couples show examples of three different types ofRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1442 Words   |  6 Pages William Shakespeare is estimated to have lived from 1564 to about 1616. He is often recognized as great English poet, actor, and playwright, and paved the way for many on all of those categories. Over that span he wrote many pieces that are still relevant today such as Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth. I would like to take a deeper look into one on his pieces â€Å"A Midsummers Night’s Dream.† This piece is estimated to have first been preformed in about 1595 and then later published in 1600. Many

The Tragic Hero Of King Lear - 1310 Words

King Lear, one of William Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies, depicts a society in uninviting circumstances. Tragedy is depicted by the downfall of a noble hero, usually through a combination of arrogance and fate. The tragic hero s wish to achieve a goal encounters limits, those of human inability, the gods, or nature. As with all tragedies, there exists a tragic hero, one who possesses a calamitous flaw that establishes the tragedy and all the sufferings that follow. In this play, the tragic hero is King Lear. The plot is compelled by the power and consequence of the losses of Lear. Through the course of the play, King Lear loses his authority as a king, his identity as a father, and his sanity as a man due to his flaws. One loss builds on another, but additionally, his greatest loss, and what distinguishes this tragedy from all others, is his chance of redemption. Unlike other tragedies, there is no redemption for the tragic hero or any sign of happiness in the finale. This g rim portrayal of King Lear, through his losses, makes him the classical tragic hero, and the play an ultimate tragedy. The play starts with King Lear’s decision to divide his kingdom among his three daughters. This is the first sign of Lear’s loss of authority. Lear, wanting to abandon his responsibilities before his time, claims, â€Å"tis our fast intent / To shake all cares and business from our age, / Conferring them on younger strengths while we / Unburdened crawl toward death† (I.i.37-40). It can beShow MoreRelatedKing Lear: Lear the Tragic Hero1662 Words   |  7 PagesKing Lear: Lear The Tragic Hero The definition of tragedy in the Oxford dictionary is, drama of elevated theme and diction and with unhappy ending; sad event, serious accident, calamity. However, the application of this terminology in Shakespearean Tragedy is more expressive. Tragedy does not only mean death or calamity, but in fact, it refers to a series of steps which leads to the downfall of the tragic hero and eventually to his tragic death. Lear, the main character in King Lear was affirmedRead MoreKing Lear : The Tragic Hero957 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many â€Å"tragic heroes† in literature in many different genres. The aspects of a tragic hero include a good man who has royalty in his blood, one tragic flaw, suffer, and then overcome their flaw once they finally open their eyes to what is really going on. Not only do tragic heroes suffer, but they cause others to suffer as well, but this can play a huge role in a work as a whole. King Lear is the tragic hero in, of course, King Lear. King Lear suffers from not knowing who he truly isRead MoreKing Lear as a Tragic Hero997 Words   |  4 PagesThe play of King Lear is a tragedy like many of Shakespeare’s plays, and many of them deal with the tragic hero that end up meeting their demise thanks to their tragic flaw. The tragic hero of this play is King Lear, and he is a man that is a ruler of the kingdom of Britain in the 8th century B.C. He is a very old man surrounded by grave responsibilities, which are taking care of the land and taking care of the citizens of the kingdom. Lear the tragic hero must feel suffering and contrast those goodRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of King Lear1277 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is no salvation for the tragic hero or any sign of optimism in the conclusion. This bleak portrayal of King Lear, through his losses, makes him the ultimate tragic hero, and the play an ultimate tragedy. In every tragedy, of course, there is a tragic hero. A person who has good intentions, but leads the story to ruin through a fatal, and uncontrollable, flaw. The plot of the book centers around the consequences of King Lear’s flaw. Throughout the play, King Lear loses his land, his honorRead More King Lear: Lear The Tragic Hero Essay1617 Words   |  7 Pages King Lear: Lear The Tragic Hero nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The definition of tragedy in the Oxford dictionary is, quot;drama of elevated theme and diction and with unhappy ending; sad event, serious accident, calamity.quot; However, the application of this terminology in Shakespearean Tragedy is more expressive. Tragedy does not only mean death or calamity, but in fact, it refers to a series of steps which leads to the downfall of the tragic hero and eventually to his tragic death. Lear,Read MoreIs King Lear A Tragic Hero Essay1358 Words   |  6 PagesKing Lear, one of William Shakespeare s greatest tragedies, depicts a society in grim circumstances. As with all tragedies, there exists a tragic hero [1] , one who possesses a fatal flaw that initiates the tragedy and all the sufferings that follow. In this play, the tragic hero is undoubtedly the title character, King Lear. The plot is driven by the power and consequence of losses, more specifically, the losses of Lear. In the course the play, King Lear, because of his flaws, loses his authorityRead MoreKing Lear and Antigone as Tragic Hero Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesBecause Lear is capable of change, he becomes a tragic hero; because Antigone is incapable of change, she never becomes a tragic heroine. Aristotle defines a tragic hero as someone, usually a male, who â€Å"falls from a high place mainly due to their fatal flaw.† During the highest point of the tragic hero’s life, something is revealed to the protagonist causing a reversal in their fortune. This reversal of fortune is caused by the flaw in their character. Tragedy evokes catharsis, a feeling ofRead More traglear Tragic Hero in King Lear Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesa series of steps that leads to the downfall of the tragic hero and eventually to his tragic death.nbsp; Lear, the main character in King Lear was affirmed as the tragic hero because the play meets all the requirements of a tragedy.nbsp;nbsp; In order for a character to be qualified as a tragic hero, he must be in a high status on the social chain and the hero also possesses a tragic flaw that initiates the tragedy.nbsp; The fall of the hero is not felt by him alone but creates a chain reactionRead MoreSuperheroes, Despite Their Differe nt Powers, All Possess1581 Words   |  7 Pagesmaintenance of strong morals. Similarly, King Lear, the tragic hero in William Shakespeare’s play, King Lear, possesses characteristics that define him as a tragic hero, as stated by Aristotle in Poetics via A.C. Bradley’s The Shakespearean Tragic Hero. King Lear is a character of high social status, and he possesses exceptional qualities that make him a well-respected king; however, throughout the play’s events, he suffers tremendously in an unusual manner. In addition, Lear, despite being a â€Å"good† characterRead MoreThe Tragedy Of King Lear By William Shakespeare1671 Words   |  7 Pagestragedy. Within his theory of tragedy is the concept of the tragic hero, whose great, ironic flaw leads to his own downfall. The tragic hero is of an elevated position in society but should, all the same, be a character with whom the audience can relate. The hero undergoes a massive revelation and experiences dramati c enlightenment. The tragedy of King Lear, written by William Shakespeare, illustrates the story of a proud and self-centered king, whose obtuse judgement shapes his demise. Lear’s impulsive

Who is responsible for Willy s demise Free Essays

He cannot accept the fact that he is no longer a successful salesman, that his sons are not successful as Charley son (Bernard), also that he has been unfaithful to the only person who ever loved him no matter what, his wife Linda. His reason to committee suicide may have been influence by the factors in his life that I just mentioned. Wily is the only one who takes actions of desperation and hopeless. We will write a custom essay sample on Who is responsible for Willy s demise or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is his hubris, his inflated pride and ambition o consummate the American dream that leads him to his destructive action, his inability to remember the value of his own life. He thinks that he can’t longer maintain his families future, and that he is worth more dead than alive. Pressure society also can be blamed for Wily Loan’s demise, claiming to be the best of all in the salesman or business world and earning great amounts of money†¦ Wily Leman was just another man stuck with this dream but in some way the salesman or business world took a big part of his life from him. When he became a salesman at an age around eighteen or nineteen and he dated in this business up to the point of his death, which is the same day he was finally fired by Howard from the company where he was working as a salesman. When he was fired he was at the age of sixty-three this unfortunately happened. This means that he put a greater amount of his life into the salesman world, in the pursuit for richness and respect. Approximately 45 years of his life were spent on pursuit of these things, but unfortunately his pursuit of richness and respect, never have been effective, he wasn’t successful at all. Do you think that this is tragic? Of course yes!. But he needed to face the truth of his peripatetic. Perhaps these things are which led him to try committing suicide numerous times in the car by trying to crash and hoping that he dies. Wily was a very unsatisfied and mainly unhappy man, who had lost most part of his hope. How ever Biff is notice to embody everything that Wily admires: he has great personal charisma, is very popular with other boys, is a leader, demonstrates physical strength but not just as a sportsman also in his body image and demonstrates confidence. The allegations between father and son is loving, warm and full of mutual admiration. He’d invested a lot of this hope into his son Biff too, who unfortunately let him down as well. Wily had such high hopes for Biff becoming the success he himself could never achieve, however Wily failed to take into account what his son desired, which was the outdoor American dream. Another reason why Will kills himself is because would be that Biff discovered his affair with the woman, disinterment which ruined Biffs future this made Wily feel in some way painful and miserable because he made Biff to going back to summer school to graduate, also because he was unfair with the only person that actually loves him and care for him, her wife Linda. Wily Leman was a never success The American Dream guaranteed things to Wily that he would never have had before. However to achieve to have these things he had to spent his whole life work hard to afford them and not being rewarded for that hard work, it was a factor that led to his end. So who really is to blame for Will’s hamster, and can the fault be relied on Charley, Biff, Linda and Howard the nest that through society carried the job to tear apart Will’s dream, hopes and his character or personality and eventually his life. As we know that Wily makes his son embody all his negative values that here passed on by Ben to Wily, his sons will also be a failure as Wily. Not so much in the case of Biff but more in the case of Happy. This is because we can notice how Willis temperament and characteristics resembles on to Happy. Happy has the same younger example of what Wily was as when he was growing up. Maybe the reason why Wily treated Happy as he treated him was because his way was the way that Will’s father treated him and paid more attention to his elder brother Ben. How to cite Who is responsible for Willy s demise, Papers

Essay about New Imperialism and Western expansion in Asia and Africa

Question: Explain the causes of the New Imperialism and Western expansion in Asia and Africa in early 1900. Answer: New Imperialism Imperialist and colonialist polices have come into subsistence prior to contemporary capitalism. Imperialism occurs when strong nation want to take over weaker nation for dominating over their cultural, economical and political life. After the industrial revolution, it has become a frequent practice of European countries for seeking new sources of raw material and market for selling the manufactured products (Berna 70). When look at the 19the century, there was a huge conflict among the countries of Europe for overseas territories. The causes of new imperialism are explained in this study. Imperialism was related to Darwinism and racism. This theory explains how new species are created and how existing one become extinct. This theory was used to justify the European imperialism and colonialism. It was the belief of European countries that superior races should dominate inferior races by military forces for showing their power and influence over them (Potter 34). They also believed that they are strongest race in the world and world convey civilization in the world. Thus, the used to take the way of new imperialism for making their power over another country and make inferior countries more civilized. Another reason for imperialism is Economic Reason. There was huge demand of natural resources in western countries in terms of tin, oil and rubber. Instead of doing trading with the countries having natural resources, the western countries had chosen to get a direct control over these countries. Furthermore, economic expansion needed control over the new market for buying and selling product and cheap labor for increasing the production and capital surplus (Pokalova 336). Therefore, the superior countries chose the way of new imperialism for getting control over the countries having full of natural resources. One of another important cause of new imperialism is cultural and religious motives of superior countries. It was the belief of European countries that they have some moral responsibilities over non-Europeans. They thought that they would convey civilization in non-civilized countries. They also thought that they were more humanitarian and would bring humanism to all unenlightened countries (Pradella 119). Europeans had taken new imperialism policies in which catholic missionaries took the duty to convert the non-Christian people of inferior countries to Christian religion. Western expansion in Asia and Africa in early 1900 In mid-to-late 19th century, before industrial revolution, there was huge demand of oriental goods for expanding the industries in overseas territories. This demand was the driving force of European countries to adopt imperialism action over Asian Countries. This was the main reason for which British East India Company ruled over India. It has been found that between 1870s and early 1990s during the time of World War 1, United Kingdom, Netherlands and France and established their colonial power over Asia (Potter 34). They had added to their empires vast expanses of territory in Indian Subcontinent, Middle East and South East Asia. In the same period such as in early 1900s, Japan Empire, German Empire and United States emerged their new imperial power over East Asia and Pacific Ocean Area. During the latter half of 19th century, Europeans began to explore in the interiors of Africa for getting the natural resources existing this nation (Berna 70). By the year 1914, entire continent ha d been colonized one after one by the competing European countries. Reference List Berna, Ioana-Bianca. "The Discourse of New Imperialism in Southeast Asia."Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice5.1 (2013): 70. Pokalova, Elena. "Putin's Wars: The Rise of Russia's New Imperialism."Small Wars Insurgencies26.2 (2015): 335-337. Potter, Simon J. "Jingoism, Public Opinion, And The New Imperialism: Newspapers and Imperial Rivalries at the fin de sicle."Media History20.1 (2014): 34-50. Pradella, Lucia. "Imperialism and capitalist development in Marxs Capital."Historical Materialism21.2 (2013): 117-147.

Police Corruption

Abstract The American society has gone through difficult times due to police brutality and misconduct mainly because of corruption that has threatened to interfere with the very survival of society. In the mid 19th century to early 20th century, clandestine police forces were popular and the representatives of Pinkerton’s and other police forces available for hire were infamous since brutal employers utilized their services to quell violence against striking workers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Police Corruption specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Heavy-handed law enforcement coupled with illegal groups such as Ku Klux Klan acting through vigilantism denied individuals their civil rights formulated in the 1871. The law provided that it was illegal for state law to interfere with an individual’s constitutional rights under the national rules. In early 21st century, section 1983 of the 1871 act became one of the important instruments of fighting police brutality and injustice in society (Klockars, 2000). The 20th century witnessed lawful, organizational, and scholarly models to the issue. Some developments in the state fought the criminality of the state machinery indirectly, such as the endorsement of the civil rights in 1964. The passage of the act protected individuals who had undergone psychological and physical pain due to police misconduct. Furthermore, the landmark rulings by the Court gave the public powers and authority against the actions of police officers. For instance, the Fourth Amendment prevented police officers from searching and seizing and individual without court permission (Goldstein, 1975). Even though legal protection and well-planned reforms exist, police brutality has persisted and people are still suffering in the hands of the state machinery. Furthermore, the extent at which people encounter police brutality is unknown to the public due to a number of reasons. Misconduct issues among police officers are usually quantified based on each city even though information provided is subjective (Klockars, 2000). Furthermore, the levels of corruption are even harder to measure. The studies should be undertaken to determine the levels of corruption in the police force. To do this, a number of research hypothesis are to be formulated. Again, the researcher should undertaken a research to determine the effective utilization of personality measures to identify officers who are prone to corruption. Finally, the researcher would suggest some recommendations on how to end the problem. For all these to happen, the problem statement is to be defined clearly at an early onset of research. Introduction Corruption is a variable that has been defined variously by many scholars. On one hand, it has been defined as the violation of regional and national laws. Others view it as the violation of personal rights contained in the constitution by p olice officers. Another group of scholars perceives it as the commitment of crime by police officers to achieve personal interests. In general, corruption refers to police misbehavior and abuses of police authority.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From the definitions, the term refers to a number of technical, illegal and civil infringements. In this respect, misconduct is the broad category of civil violation. Misconduct becomes technical in case it is used to refer to police officers who go against the policies and rules of the police service. The term is used to criminal in case it is utilized to refer to violation of state and national laws by police officers. Finally, it is used to refer to unconstitutional in case the rights and freedoms of citizens are contravened by police officers in any state or in any part of the country. There are a number of police misconducts i ncluding excessive utilization of physical or lethal force, prejudiced arrest, physical or verbal pestering, and discriminatory enforcement of law (Rozella, 2003). The law protects citizens from police brutality but the issue of corruption and misconduct still exist in society. In fact, the department of police has always strived to produce quality police officers through setting up of the professional codes of conduct, reviewing the training needs of officers and conducting credible investigations and subsequent punishment of officers in case found guilty. However, these have never stopped corruption among police officers. This paper will therefore conduct a research to establish the why corruption is a commonplace in the American society. The paper employs research methodologies to determine measure carefully the existing problem. From the collected data, the paper comes up with conclusions and recommendations that would change the state of affairs as regards to corruption. Proble m Statement Since 1999, the American society has witnessed various police misconduct issues. In the same year, there was a worst scandal ever involving the Los Angeles Department’s Rampart borders and certainly, its elite anti-gang unit referred to as the CRASH (Community Resources against Street Hoodlums). Upon investigation, both local and state, CRASH was banned and seventy officers were taken in for investigations. A number of police officers were found guilty of misconducts while several of them were convicted mainly because of drug trafficking, larceny, promoting mugging, tempering with arrests and filing bogus reports. The Rampart humiliation brought about many problems to the police force. It bore heavy costs to the policy makers in the force, which were both financial in nature and psychological. Much criminal fervor accredited to the work of corrupt individuals in the work force was overturned by the court. By 2003, the police force in the city had already lost over $40 in lawsuits. Consequently, the 2000 agreement between the Lo Angeles city council and the federal government put the police in the city under the custodianship of the judge for five years. The judge was to monitor reforms and evaluate the activities of the police.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Police Corruption specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Compared to other agencies in the country, the Los Angeles police force is no exceptional. In 1990s, the New York City’s wide-ranging reforms were put into sport light following the high-profile cases involving police misconduct (Giuliani, 1995). The New York cases proved that it was difficult to handle cases involving police misconduct. The first case was put forth in 1997 where a Haitian migrant was thoroughly beaten under police custody. The foreigner was said to have been harassed sexually since cases of sodomy were also reported. In 2000, the po lice officers were jailed for interfering with individual freedom and justices. However, the court overturned the ruling in the United States v. Schwarz. The second New York hullabaloo pertained to the killing of an unarmed man in 1999. The undercover officers allegedly shot the Guinean migrant 41 times. Citizens protested against the actions of the police unit referred to as the Aggressive Street Crimes. The officers were set free in 2000 controversially. The police brutality and rampant corruption has led to public outcry where demonstrations have been mounted to disown the misconduct of the police. In the contemporary world, police have accused of beating and harassing a black American citizen who was found in the street. In 2001, the court set free one police officer who was allegedly accused of shooting a black man. The American populace blames police brutality on defective policies that insist on aggressive policing on matters pertaining on drugs, street crimes and street gang s. Police department is of the governmental agencies that are known to resist change in society. Due to these problems, city council authorities, the ministries of justice and state security, and renowned criminologists have launched studies to establish ways that can bring about reforms in the police service. Upon this realization, this paper sets out to reinforce the findings of other scholars as they attempt to find solutions to the existing problems. Therefore, the paper collects data in order to analyze the same data to reach at important conclusions and recommendations. Variables In this research paper, the researcher is interested in testing variables such as crime rates, crime reporting, personality traits of officers, and police corruption. The research tests various hypotheses that are associated with the interaction between them. The hypotheses may perhaps be combined to arrive at various equations. For instance, the following equations can be arrived at.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Crime= f (corruption in the police force, crime reporting, A, B1) Crime reporting = g (Corruption in the force, crime A, B2) Police corruption=h (Crime rates, reporting of crime A, B3) Each category of the equations above consists of exogenous variables A, which are universal to all statements. Exogenous variables B are particular to each equation. In other words, variables B refer to those tools that assist the researcher to classify the systematic factors. Factors in the exogenous variables X, which affect the operations of police in each state may include low incomes and inequality in terms of salaries, the level of education attained by officers and ethnic/racial disparities. Scholars view these factors to be responsible for crime. Results expected after measuring these variables would: the rates of crime increase when inequalities increase. Furthermore, urbanization and racial disparities tend to increase the rates of crime in any city. In case police officers are taken through rigorous training system with better equipments and clear curriculum, corruption would decrease. The rates of crime would also decrease. In other words, this shows that the crime reporting rates tend to be positively correlated with the level of training. In this regard, it is negatively correlated with the salary inequalities among civil servants. Urbanization tends to affect crime reporting positively since people are aware of their rights in an urban setting. Ethnicity and racial differences affect crime-reporting practices negatively, especially when communities distrust each other. Consequently, police corruption would definitely reduce in case the population is educated. Corruption is high in case ethnic differences and income inequalities are allowed in society. In any research study, variables must be measured. The researcher would not have achieved his or her mission in case variables are not measured. In this study, income equality is measured using the Gini coefficient. Furthermore, the level of education is measured using the literacy rate scale. The researcher opted for the literacy rate scale as opposed to inquiring about the number of years an individual has been attending classes because the former covers many states. Ethnic/racial differences are measured using the ethno-linguistic fractionalization index as suggested by Creswell (2003). According to this measurement instrument, two individuals taken randomly are expected to belong to different ethnic/racial groups. Moreover, it is a fact that endogenous variables are expected to affect other variables in any research. In this case, it is important to tackle all issues related to corruption in the police force and the issues related to reporting crimes. These variables are used to calculate regression in the equations. It is surprising that finding appropriate measurement instruments for endogenous variables is problematic. For a variable to be measured, it should be exogenous, correlated wit h endogenous variables and be in a position to manipulate the dependent variable in any study. The following equations are used to show how exogenous variables play off in research. B1 (crime) =the extent of punishment, the age of the population, the attitudes of the populace as regards to crime, the provision of the constitution regarding corruption B2 (crime reporting) =activism, the composition of human organizations B3 (police corruption) =attitudes of the officers and the public towards bribery and the influence of diplomats and other officers in government with high ranks and political influence Hypotheses Every research in social sciences attempts to prove that a specific phenomenon occurs due to a specific reason. Conducting a research is like a walk in the desert without a guiding map to show clear directions that should be taken in order to reach the desired direction. Hakim (2000) warns that care should be taken by every researcher when conducting a research to ensure tha t he or she does not wonder off the focus of the study just by the sheer wonder of the research in question. A path should clearly be set, upon which the research would take. Research hypothesis always provides solution to this. Leedy and Ormrod (2005) define hypothesis as a proposition made by the researcher about the research upon which the research would try to determine if it is true or otherwise. Hypothesis is a kind of a proposal or a guess that the findings of a particular research would be in a particular way. As Hakim (2000) notes, a research would always have two hypotheses for every single desired result. There is always the null hypothesis and alternate hypothesis. The null hypothesis would always refute the claim by saying that the proposition does not hold. On the other hand, alternative hypothesis would always try to affirm that the proposition set by the researcher holds. A test would always be conducted on the null hypothesis with an aim of rejecting it. By rejectin g a null hypothesis, the research would be accepting the alternative hypothesis. It is always every researchers desire to reject a null hypothesis because when a research accepts a null hypothesis, it would render the whole research unnecessary. It would be rejecting the proposition made by the researcher, a fact that would render the research null and void. The following hypotheses would be designed to guide the research. H1: Corruption is the police force would possibly lead to higher rates of crime in various parts of the country. This is because criminals are able to buy justice, merit might not be considered in the police force and police forces might turn out to be gangs. H2: Crime augments corruption in the police force since the level of criminality may infect the police. In this case, the criminals might compromise the police to arrest innocent people in society. H3: Crime reporting is always expected to reduce the rate at which corruption takes place within the police forc e. In case a crime is reported, it is impossible for a police officer to set free a criminal. If reported, corrupt officers might be punished by the state. H4: Cases of corruption in the police force reduces the trust held by the public towards the agencies in charge of law enforcement. This would even discourage the culture of crime reporting. H5: Reporting criminal activities to the state authorities reduce crimes since lawbreakers fear being caught. H6: Increased cases of crime tend to discourage the culture of reporting crimes since the people feels demoralized, as criminals are set free. This would lead to cases of mob-justice as the only way of ensuring justice. Qualitative vs. Quantitative Approach Political science and Public Administration investigators generally employ two categories of exploration processes. First is quantitative study, which utilizes mathematical indicators to determine the relative magnitude of a certain political or bureaucratic occurrence. The second category of exploration process is qualitative study, which uses symbols and expressions to point out the occurrence or lack of an event or classify them into various forms. Quantitative and qualitative annotations offer public administration canvassers a number of ways as regards to Operationalization of concepts and calculation of hypothetical constructs, as well as realistic conception (Crotty, 2003). Whereas quantitative techniques can offer a high level of quantity accuracy and arithmetical supremacy, qualitative techniques can provide a superior intensity of information concerning the nature of administrative progression in a certain study environment. The well-designed or positivist archetype that steers the quantitative method of analysis is based on the supposition that public truth has an objective ontological configuration and that people react to this objective setting. Data collection in quantitative study is through questionnaire. The researcher seeks to solicit inform ation by posing questions to the respondents. The major aim of the quantitative prototype is to ensure reliability, validity and generalization of a problem in its patent prediction of cause and effect. Validity is utilized in establishing whether a study measures what it is projected to measure and to estimate the truth of the outcomes. The researcher ensures that both internal and external validities are observed in the study. Internal validity is catered for through careful manipulation of the results. Qualitative study shares the hypothetical postulations of the interpretative model, which is based on the view that public truth is shaped and upheld through personal knowledge. Qualitative investigators are apprehensive in their investigations while trying to precisely illustrate, translate and understand the meanings of occurrences taking place in their normal public perspectives. Qualitative researchers are focused on scrutinizing the difficulty, legitimacy, collective subjectiv ity of the investigator and the respondent as well as minimization of misapprehension (Russell Ryan, 2009). Data collection methods include observation and use of interviews. Observation allows the researcher to analyze the causes of human behavior. Validity in qualitative research is ensured through triangulation of methods, techniques and tools. This study employed a quantitative approach in order to arrive at strong results and conclusions. While quantitative techniques may function well in separating and categorizing the correlates linked to discrepancy at particular periods, qualitative methods are mainly superior at achieving insight as regards to processes and actions that causes practical deviation and have the main benefit of giving sudden insight. Creswell and other scholars made intuitive theoretical structure pertaining to mixed methods, mainly concerning issues of excellence (Creswell, 2003). Mixed methods not only enlarge the study toolbox, they as well offer the chan ce for fusion of study customs and offer the researcher extra viewpoints and insights that are past the span of any solitary method. Research Design There were two key methods used to gather information in this report. The first one was through a questionaire, which was administered online to the staff at police department. The questionaire sought to capture various attutudes of staff at the police department regarding their performance and isses related to corruption. The second source of information used for the research was literature on various aspects motivation. The focus of the literature review was to find information on the application of corruption determent techniques and also to determine the current state of research in the use of curruption prevention instruments. The questionnaire had four Parts. The first part sought to capture the biodata information of respondents. The second part dealt with the demography and gender of the respondents. This was to ascertain the pr evalence of views in varoius categories in order to ensure that if any differences came about, then they would be captured in their demographic space. The third part dealt with academic credentials and work experience. The motivation for this section came from the understanding that different sections of population respond differently to motivators, based on age and academic credentials. The fourth part delved into the specific issues relating to curruption, starting from the understanding of the concept to the possible effects it would have on police officers (Leedy, Ormrod, 2005). The questionaire also employed a mix of open ended and closed ended questions to capture different aspects of issues studied. Open ended questions were used because thay give respondents more time to figure out their opinions, which would make them volunteer more information related to feelings, outlooks and comprehension of the subject. This would allow the researcher to understand the position of resp ondents as regards to feelings. Open ended questions minimize some errors that could have been created in the course of research. Respondents rarely forget answers if given an opportunity to respond freely. Furthermore, respondents cannot ignore some questions because they must go through all of them. Open ended questions generate data that can be used in data analysis by other researchers. In other words, they allow secondary data analysis. On the other hand, closed-ended questions are analyzed easily. That is why they were used in this study. Each response can be coded for statistical interpretation. Nonetheless, closed-ended questions are compatible with computer analysis package. The technique is more specific meaning that its answers are consistent in all conditions. This aspect is impossible with open-ended questions because each respondent is allowed to use his or her own words. Finally, closed-ended questions take less time to administer unlike open-ended questions, which ar e detailed hence time consuming. The questionnaire was sent to respondents through the internet that is, the researcher mailed the questions to respective police respondents. The researcher arrived at this decision after considering time and reseources. The method is costless and less time consuming. Furthmore, the method allows respondents to reflect on the questions and answer them accurately. Employing research assistants would be problematic because of the sensitivity of the study. Many people would be reluctant to give their views freely. The method is ineffective because answers are not independent. The respondent might not have filled the questions him or herself. Moreover, the method is affected by the respondent’s level of literacy. One big disadvantage of the technique is that there is no interaction between the researcher and the researched. This means that respondent’s reactions are not captured. Reactions are important because they give more information re garding to the feelings of respondents. Generally, the technique is more applicable where the researcher is interested in numbers, not deep feelings of the respondent. In this study, the researcher is interested in identifying the number of employees who feel performance related pay is the suitable method of stimulating employees. The use of the questionaire made it possible to capture issues that are unique to the department of police. This is because there was no accessible literature with required degree of relevence to the subject matter about the department of police. The targeted staff responded to the questionaire online. The availability of staff influenced the choice of this method because the police operates throughout and therefore it is not possible at any one time to find all officers in one place. An online questionaire reduced the costs of data collection, assured confidentiality, and was available throughout for the staff for a fixed period. After collection, the dat a went through analysis, culminating to the conclusions and findings discussed in the subsequent sections of this paper. Findings Through analysis, it was estblished that police corruption in the US is caused by a number of reasons. Furthermore, respondents argued that some policies should be formulated to contain the vice, which is very common in the force. It was found out that corruption in the police force is caused by cultural practices among the members of the force. This is what some police chiefs referred to as â€Å"the bad or rotten apples†. The rotten apples are mostly weak individuals who might have entered the force through corruption hence failing to go through the usual screening process. Going by the views of police chiefs, only a few individuals are corrupt in the police force. Contrary to the opinion of police chiefs, critics of the force claim that the whole force is rotten. It can also be established that irresistible chances offered to police officers mak e them corrupt. These factors include low wages and salaries, pessimism sorrounding the pay system and promotion, socialization process in the police force, political culture in various states that support corruption, non-reproting of crimes among the public and ineffective leadership on the side of government. The constituion gives the police a blank check as regards to individual freedom. This makes the public seek for an alternative way of compromizing the work of police. Peratning to solutions to the problem of corruption in the police force, respondents gave various views. Some members respondents underscored the fact that police corruption have numerous effects in society. Firstly, it affects public trust where the members of public try to use unscrupulous means of obtaining justice such as mob-justice. Furthermore, other organs of government tend to ape the behavior of police officers. Therefore, the findings of the research suggest that the main way through corruption can be avoided is offering police officers a good salary package. Furthermore, the federal government, in collaboration with various states, should come up with training programs aiming at instiling ethics to the officers. Furthermore, the research reveals that police officers tend to shy away from misconduct in places where they are new. Therefore, the federal government should always ensure that tranfers are held after every six months. Finally, the government at both levels should come up with departments that handle public complains. Conclusion Corruption in the police service is a problem that has existed since time in memorial. It is found in almost all police departments. In society, lawa enforcers have the responsibility of ensuring that justice is achieved. The police agency holds the trust of the public. However, research shows that the trust can be lost in case police officers engage in corruption. This would lead to cases of non-reporting, which might even even crimes in the c ountry. It is therefore advisable that the police department handles the issue of corruption with the seriousness that it deserves. In case an officer is suspected to have engaged in corruption, thorough, independent, and credible investigations should be conducted. The state has the sole responsibility of ensuring that the security of citizens is mainatined at all costs. Corrupt officials should not be allowed to serve in any public office. References Creswell, J. (2003). Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Crotty, M. (2003). The Foundations of Social Research: meaning and perspective in the research process. London: Sage. Giuliani, R. (1995). Police Strategy No.7: Rooting Out Corruption; Building Organizational Integrity in the New York Police Department. New York: New York Police Department. Goldstein, H. (1975). Police Corruption: A perspective on its nature. Washington: Police Foundation. Hakim, C 2000, Re search Design: Sucessful Designs for Social and Economic Research, Routledge, New York. Klockars, C. (2000). The Measurement of Police Integrity. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Justice. Leedy, P., Ormrod, J. (2005). Practical Research: Planning and Design. Prentice Hall: Pearson. Rozella, F. (2003). Fighting Police Abuse: A Community Action Manual. ACLU Department of Public Education, 3(1). Russell, B., Ryan, G. (2009). Analyzing Qualitative Data: Systematic Approaches. London: Sage. This research paper on Police Corruption was written and submitted by user Cristopher C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Write a Research Essay in Astronomy

How to Write a Research Essay in Astronomy Writing a research essay is a daunting and challenging assignment for most college and university students today. Their workload is huge, and the study hours are on a high increase. Every tutor gives out homework, and at the end of the day, undergraduates are overburdened. And here comes this research essay in Astronomy that you have no idea of how to approach and deal with. To lessen this academic burden of yours, we’ve created a writing guide that will enlighten you on how to work this task out and still have enough time for your exams and extracurricular activities. Follow the recommendation step by step. What Is a Research Essay? That’s the first question that students usually ask when assigned this type of assignment. The research essay is a sort of an academic essay that requires you to analyze the written works of other authors and do the comparison of their points with your own ideas. A good research essay is a well-organized flow of text that includes thorough research of source material and requires you to synthesize what you learn from it using your own thoughts and ideas. In short, the research essay is made up of an introduction that includes an original thesis statement showing your in-depth research, the body, and the conclusion. We’ll examine each below. What Is the Topic of Your Accounting Research Essay? When it comes to Astronomy, your task is to create a research essay in the niche that is focused on the material universe that goes far beyond the Earth atmosphere. In other words, be ready to work on the topic that deals with something that extends beyond what is familiar to you or anyone else in the world. Although numerous advances in space travel, satellites, and telescopes have provided humans with an opportunity to see what is out there, it is still more that we don’t know about space than what people know. Much of Astronomy deals with the theory and is closely related to Chemistry, Math, and Physics. The theoretical nature of the niche and its tendency to challenge values close to people means that controversial topics are among the most popular ones when it comes to writing a research essay in Astronomy. If you realize that the list of research topics in Astronomy is never-ending just like space, we recommend using some of the ideas we provided for your below: The Difference between Astronomy and Astrophysics; Is There a Universal Language? Iron in Space: Why Can’t We See It? Can Light Escape from Black Holes? Structure of Matter, Forces, and Doppler Effect; The Genesis of the Universe: The Big Bang Theory; The Possibility of Exploring Proxima B by Nanocraft; Exoplanets’ Research: Planets Beyond the Solar System; Mission to Psyche to Uncover Tons of Precious Metals; Time Travel: Theory vs. Fiction; The Research of Stephen Hawking’s ‘A Brief History in Time’; The Biggest Nightmares of an Astronomer; Mayan Calendars Prediction and Its Relation to Astronomy; The Danger to American Planetary Exploration; The Research and Analysis of the Rings of Saturn; Stellar Evolution Beyond the Main Sequence; Potential Business Opportunities in Space; The Mysteries of the Dark Matter; Potential Evidence of Subglacial Liquid Water on Mars; Early Life and Career of Galileo; Potential Difficulties of Cassini Mission to Saturn; How to Extend the Lives of the Voyagers? Sacrificing Astronauts: NASA’s Mission to Mars as an Opportunity to Get to the Moon Sooner; Should Pluto Be Reclassified as a Planet? Space Junk Threatens Future of Earth. If there’s a particular niche in Astronomy that you’re interested in, i.e., Infrared Astronomy, Solar Astronomy, Extragalactic Astronomy, Astrophysics, X-Ray Astronomy, search for potential topics right in the specific subfields. If not, start by brainstorming. Sit down, be calm, and browse all materials that you have at hand to jot down the ideas that might pop up at a certain point. Narrow your focus and select a thought-provoking topic depending on the purpose of the paper. Give preference to the issues that aren’t difficult to research since no matter what point you write on, be ready to defend it with relevant and trustworthy sources like NASA, Space.com, and Universe Today. Understand the Research Question This is the first and most important step that you have to take in the research essay writing. Once you know the question asked, you can identify what exactly your tutor wants you to do. Point out the keywords such as ‘explain,’ ‘discuss,’ ‘prove,’ ‘tell,’ ‘evaluate,’ ‘research,’ and so on. Besides, it is important to check if there are any limiting words like ‘within the USA,’ ‘during the XX century,’ etc. Create an Outline Before you start writing, create the plan or outline that you will use as your guide in the process. Put down the topic of your research in the middle of your essay page, draw lines right from it, and write the key ideas at the end of every line. Draw more lines from the main ideas to write down your thoughts. As an alternative, feel free to use the so-called simple outline. To create one, put down the research essay topic at the top of the page, separate your page into the intro, the body, and the end. If you create a 5-paragraph research essay, your body part will include at least three main ideas. It is recommended to leave enough space under every idea to list supporting ideas there. This simple scheme will help you make your content more organized. If, for instance, you produce a research essay on ‘The Milky Way Galaxy,’ the so-called ‘skeleton’ of it will help you to write clearly and in a more organized manner. Sample outline of the essay will look like this: The Introduction Paragraph: First sentence; Thesis statement. The Body: Provide statistics; Give information on the subject; Research the topic; Give any relevant data if available. The Conclusion: Restate your thesis statement; Give support arguments; Write a CTA if any. Write Your Research Essay: Make a Thesis Statement You already know your topic, and the paper outline is at hand, which means you can start writing now. Begin by writing a thesis statement that informs your reader on the essay purpose. The thesis statement must reflect the topic of your essay, together with its argument. In other words, you provide a single statement that includes the overall response to a particular problem. Place your thesis statement at the end of the introduction paragraph and ensure to link back to it several times as you write your research essay, and finally restate it in the conclusion section. Produce the Introduction Paragraph Once you’re done with the thesis statement, it’s time to work on the introduction of the essay. It’s important to make the introductory paragraph as hooking as possible to catch your readers’ attention. It’s recommended to start with a hook. Use a dialogue, a story, a shocking truth, a quote, or a statistics that impresses much. Also, ensure the hook that you include is relevant to your thesis statement. For instance, if you work on the research essay in Astronomy, feel free to state that ‘there is no sound in space,’ ‘on Earth, a flame always rises. In space, a flame always moves outward from its source in all directions,’ or ‘when water boils on our planet, it creates dozens of little bubbles, while in space, boiling water creates just one giant, undulating bubble.’ Write the Body In this part of your research essay, you’re required to describe, explain, and argue your topic. Each of the main ideas that you put down in your outline now turns into a separate paragraph. Each paragraph comprises the main idea. Start every paragraph with an opening sentence that carries the main idea. All the supporting ideas go next backed with relevant examples and information. It’s crucial to cite every reference material that you happen to use throughout the text. Besides, you must also cite all the direct quotes using the format style preferred by your instructor. Write the Concluding Paragraph The conclusion section of the research essay is as important as the introductory paragraph. This part provides you with a chance to summarize your ideas and close up the project. Make sure your conclusion is short and doesn’t include any new ideas. Sum up the key arguments you have given throughout the text. Restate your thesis statement and support your stance once again. Give the potential opportunities for further research in the chosen field of Astronomy. For instance, if you write about the dwarf galaxies, mention that ‘all dwarf galaxies are composed of 99% dark matter and only 1% normal matter like stars. Due to this disparity, dwarf galaxies are perfect targets for astronomers who seek to understand dark matter.’ The Final Touches After you have written your project, there are some finishing things that you need to take care of to polish up your paper that the tutor will appreciate. While not each of these points has to wait until the moment when your research essay is done, it’s better to work on the important stuff first, which is the writing, that’s for sure. Here are some of the final touches: Check your section with the cited works (at the end of the essay) in order to make sure it complies with the existing standards or assigned demands of your school; Create a hooking title. Waiting until you have accomplished your research essay before picking a title ensures that it will 100% match the essay content; Run a spell checker on the research essay in order to detect any grammar or spelling errors that you may not have seen during the read-through phase. Edit Your First Draft Before you submit your research essay, make sure to edit and proofread one. Take a look at the general structure of your paper and ensure you’ve used the correct format. Make certain that the strongest points go first and in the last paragraph of the body. The others can be placed in the middle of the body section. Read and reread your research essay out loud to make sure all sentences and paragraphs are sensible and flow logically. All irrelevant pieces of text should be deleted, while the vocabulary should be improved by changing, adding, or deleting some of the expressions. Check the spelling, grammar, and punctuation to meet the word count and academic requirements. If you’re not sure if you can edit and proofread the essay on your own, ask your friend or family member to check your content and highlight all errors before you write the final draft. Concluding Remarks Before you start writing a research essay in Astronomy, it is important to remember something that is fundamental to professional academic writing: you write to learn what you want to say. To some readers, that may sound quite obvious; however, many writers, who lack writing experience, have a different (or even debilitating!) point of view, when it comes to the purpose of writing. Most of the poorly experienced writers imagine writing as something that they do only after they figure out what they want to say. This kind of attitude is pretty anti-ethical to the process of writing. As a rule, this kind of attitude can be observed in the sciences, where the writers have the ‘let me get all the results first, and then I’ll write about it’ attitude. Instead of seeing the process of writing as the final stage of the research essay creation, make sure to see it as part of the process from the very start. To cut a long story short, writing is thinking. It is a useful thi ng to keep in mind when you’re trying to discover what you want to say. The subject of Astronomy can stir a lot of passionate discussions, so feel free to choose the most captivating topic and engage your readers’ attention with ease!